亚历山大自幼聪颖过人，曾受教于 大 师（亚利斯多德），稍长即被授予首府总督之职，并以平定山贼有功而任命为马其顿大军统帅，随父横扫希腊城邦之乱。 西元前336年菲利普遇刺，亚历山大继任王位并继承乃夫遗志，率领希腊联军进攻波斯，关尼卡卡一役大败波斯并直入小亚细亚攻占两河流域，波斯帝国崩溃，波斯王大流士被杀，又进军埃及又越过印度河进入恒河流域，因军士思乡被迫退回。亚历山大融合东西文化，鼓励民族间通婚，并倡导民族间地位平等，讲希腊思想律法散布各地，开创希腊化时代文化，死时却年仅33岁。
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